STRUKTURY LEKSYKALNO-GRAMATYCZNE I. INFORMACJA 1. Identyfikacja i lokalizacja osoby lub przedmiotu Np.: This tall girl is my sister. Are you Miss Wilson? John is standing behind the teacher. Susan is in London now. My flat is on the ground floor. Your book is on the table. There is a kitchen on the right and a bathroom on the left. 2. Pytanie i prośba o informację Np.: Who is that girl? What's her name? How old is she? Where are you from? Where do you live? What does your father do? Which of these men is your teacher? What is there in this building? What are you doing tonight? Can you swim? Do you speak Japanese? What time does the match start? Can you tell me the way to the Old Town? Where should I get off? How much does it cost? When will you come? What is the date today? What will the weather be like tomorrow? What did she say? Where are you going? Why didn't you come to the meeting yesterday? Have you ever been to England? 3. Opis a) postaci - cechy fizyczne, wygląd, osobowość, charakter Np.: He is tall and slim. He has a beard. She wears glasses. They have fair hair and blue eyes. She is clever. Our teacher is very patient. - dane personalne, np. narodowość, zawód, wiek; pokrewieństwo Np.: He is Mexican. He is from Ireland. She works as a cook. Her brother is a waiter. Mark is seventeen years old. Uncle Charles is my mother's brother. I was born in 1984. b) stanu emocjonalnego Np.: He is happy. They are sad. We were shocked. c) miejsca i przedmiotu Np.: It's large. It's far away. It's very quiet there. There aren't any cinemas here. d) czynności zwyczajowych i odbywających się w momencie mówienia Np. I get up at seven o'clock every day. She never smiles. Her mother doesn't smoke any more. I am taking a rest now. We are watching TV. e) planów i zamierzeń Np.: He is coming in June. I will do it in a minute. We'd like to go to Italy in summer. I want to phone him. I am not going to invite him. We will talk about it when we meet. 4. Określenie czasu, odległości, miary, wagi, ceny Np.: It's half past eight. The train leaves at 11 o'clock. The concert starts at 5 p.m. He never goes to bed before midnight. We are having a party on Saturday. It's 10th March. I haven't seen him for three weeks. He lives nearby. She is 160 cm tall. These suitcases are very heavy. The apples are $1 a kilo. The tickets are L10 each. 5. Porównanie cech osób, przedmiotów, miejsc, sytuacji, czynności Np.: He is more intelligent than his brother. She is like her sister. He is as nice as his wife. These two T-shirts are not the same colour. It's the oldest building in the city. It was the best day of my life. Travelling by plane is safer than driving. 6. Informacja o czynnościach i sytuacjach w przeszłości Np.: I saw him a few days ago. Columbus discovered America in 1492. We were at the seaside last year. I got up early, had breakfast and went to school. When I was a child, I wanted to be a pilot. I was leaving the house when the phone rang. It was made in France. 7. Przekazanie informacji podanej przez osobę trzecią Np.: He says he can't come. The teacher wants us to learn some words for the next lesson. 8. Wyrażenie przyczyny, skutku, warunku, celu; powiązanie informacji Np.: I don't want to talk to you now because I have a headache. He was very busy, so he couldn't see us. If we win the match, we will celebrate. I am going to join a computer course to learn new programmes. He is very good at maths, and he is going to study it at university. I like walking, but my friend prefers cycling. 11 II. OPINIA 1. Wyrażenie własnej opinii, np. na temat osoby, przedmiotu, sytuacji Np.: I think he is very rude. In my opinion, this film is very funny. I think skiing here may be dangerous. I think there is a chance that ? 2. Prośba o opinię, np. na temat osoby, przedmiotu, sytuacji Np.: What do you think of our new teacher? Do you like my new shoes? Did you like the concert? How was your weekend? Do you agree with me? And you? What's your opinion? 3. Wyrażenie zgody lub sprzeciwu Np.: Good. I agree. OK. All right. No way. No chance. That's not a good idea. 4. Potwierdzenie i zaprzeczenie zasłyszanej opinii Np. That's right. I think he is right. Certainly. Of course. That's not true. That's impossible. I don't agree with you, sir / madam. 5. Przedstawienie odmiennego punktu widzenia Np.: This will not be possible, I am afraid. That's true, but it seems to me that ? I don't think you can do it. 6. Przekazanie opinii osób trzecich Np.: My teacher thinks I should work harder. In our friend's opinion, our project is not very original. III. ZNAJOMOŚĆ PRZEDMIOTU I STOPIEŃ PEWNOŚCI 1. Zapytanie o znajomość osoby, przedmiotu, faktu, tematu Np.: Do you know this man? What do you know about ? ? 2. Potwierdzenie znajomości lub nieznajomości osoby, przedmiotu, faktu, tematu Np.: I know her well. I don't know anything about it. I can tell you a lot about ? I have no idea. 3. Wyrażenie a) pewności lub niepewności; prośba o potwierdzenie Np.: I am sure. That's true. Perhaps. I don't think so. I think you're wrong. Is that true? Are you sure? Isn't it strange? Do you think that's possible? b) prawdopodobieństwa, przypuszczenia Np.: He may come next week. Probably. Perhaps I will go with you. IV. UCZUCIA, ŻYCZENIA, PREFERENCJE 1. Zapytanie a) o uczucia, upodobania, chęci, pragnienia Np.: Do you love him? Do you like ice cream? Would you like to go for a walk? Do you want to meet him? What are your dreams? b) o stan fizyczny i emocjonalny rozmówcy i osób trzecich Np.: What's the matter with you? Are you all right? How are you? Is everything all right? Are you happy? How is your mother? 2. Wyrażenie a) uczuć, upodobań, chęci, pragnień Np.: I love you. We hate singing. I want to be alone. I don't want to go there. I would like to travel round the world. b) stanu fizycznego i emocjonalnego Np.: I feel awful. I want to go to sleep. I am sleepy / tired / hungry. I feel disappointed. I have toothache. 3. Prośba o wybaczenie i reakcja na taką prośbę Np.: Forgive me. I am very sorry. I want to say sorry. That's all right. It doesn't matter. Never mind. 4. Wyrażenie a) zainteresowania, zdziwienia, radości, żalu, rozczarowania, zmartwienia itp. Np.: Really? Are you serious? You must be joking. That's great. Wonderful. What a pity! I am really sorry. I can't believe that. I am sorry to hear that. I feel worried about her. b) braku zainteresowania, obojętności, znudzenia Np.: I am not interested. That's not my problem. I don't care. I am bored. 5. Dodanie otuchy, pocieszenie, uspokojenie Np.: Cheer up. That's not the end of the world. Don't worry. Don't get angry. Take it easy. Calm down. V. OBOWIĄZEK, PRZYZWOLENIE, SUGESTIA, PROŚBA, ROZKAZ 1. Zapytanie o możliwość lub konieczność zrobienia czegoś; prośba o przyzwolenie Np.: Do I have to do all these exercises? Can I ask about something, sir? May I go out? Will you lend me your bike? Let me go out, please. 2. Zezwolenie i negacja przyzwolenia Np.: Yes, of course. Please, do. You are welcome. Do what you want. It's out of the question. No way. You mustn't come so late. 3. Udzielenie zezwolenia pod określonym warunkiem Np.: You can go to the cinema, but you must do your homework first. 4. Propozycja, sugestia Np.: Let's go for a walk. Would you like some tea? Help yourself. Why don't you do it now? Shall we meet tonight? How about taking a taxi? 5. Akceptacja i odrzucenie Np.: Yes, please. With pleasure. Why not? No, thank you. All right, but not at the moment. I am sorry, but ? Are you crazy? 6. Prośba o zrobienie czegoś; polecenie, rada, zakaz; instrukcja, oficjalny komunikat Np.: Do it for me, please. Can you give me a towel? Take a seat. Phone him as soon as possible. My advice is - think about it. You should be more careful. You shouldn't go there because it's too dangerous. If I were you, I'd see the dentist. Don't open the window or you will catch a cold. It's not a good idea to eat so much fast food; it's bad for your health. You mustn't come late. Shake before use. Please insert your card and enter your PIN. Please, leave your message after the tone. Fasten your seat belts. 7. Prośba o przekazanie wiadomości lub polecenia Np.: Tell her I've got some good news. Ask her to be back as soon as possible. Can you take the message, please? 8. Zaoferowanie pomocy i prośba o pomoc; przyjęcie jej i odrzucenie Np.: Can I help you? How can I help you? Do you need some help? Help me to open this box. Could you help me? Thank you very much. No, thanks. I can do it myself. I'll manage. VI. ZACHOWANIA SPOŁECZNE; INTERAKCJA 1. Sposoby zwracania się do rozmówcy Np.: Listen. How can I help you? Excuse me, (Sir / Madam) ? Here you are. 2. Powitanie i pożegnanie; życzenia przy pożegnaniu Np.: Hi, how are you? Good morning. Good bye. See you later. Good luck! Have a good time. Take care. 3. Przedstawianie się, reakcja na przedstawianie się, przedstawianie kogoś komuś, formy zwracania się do kogoś Np.: My name is Piotr. This is my best friend, Mary. How do you do? Nice to meet you. Pleased to meet you. Let me introduce my sister? Please, meet my parents. Call me Jack. 4. Podziękowanie i reakcja na podziękowanie Np.: Thanks (a lot). Thank you very much. Not at all. You're welcome. It was a pleasure. That's very kind of you. 5. Złożenie gratulacji i życzeń Np.: Congratulations. All the best. Merry Christmas and a happy New Year. Happy Easter. Happy birthday. 6. Zasygnalizowanie braku zrozumienia, prośba o powtórzenie, mówienie wolniej, głośniej itp. Np.: I don't understand. What did you say? Can you repeat, please? Say it again. I am sorry, but I didn't understand. What do you mean? Could you speak more slowly? Speak up, please. 7. Przeliterowanie i prośba o przeliterowanie (nazwiska, nazwy własnej itp.) Np. Can you spell your name? How do you spell sandwich? 8. Pytanie o znaczenie wyrazu lub wyrażenia, prośba o jego wyjaśnienie Np.: What's the Polish for dictionary? How do you say dworzec in English? What does hole mean? TEMATYKA TEKSTÓW STANOWIĄCYCH PODSTAWĘ ZADAŃ EGZAMINACYJNYCH 1. Człowiek - np. dane personalne, wygląd zewnętrzny, cechy charakteru, uczucia i emocje, zainteresowania 2. Dom - np. jego położenie, pomieszczenia i ich wyposażenie 3. Życie rodzinne i towarzyskie - np. członkowie rodziny, koledzy, przyjaciele, znajomi, czynności życia codziennego, formy spędzania czasu wolnego, święta i uroczystości 4. Szkoła - np. przedmioty nauczania, życie szkoły 5. Praca - np. popularne zawody i czynności z nimi związane, miejsce pracy 6. Żywienie - np. artykuły spożywcze, posiłki i ich przygotowywanie, lokale gastronomiczne 7. Zakupy i usługi - np. rodzaje sklepów, towary, sprzedawanie, kupowanie, reklama, korzystanie z usług, reklamacja 8. Podróżowanie i turystyka - np. wycieczki, zwiedzanie, środki transportu, informacja turystyczna, orientacja w terenie 9. Kultura - np. dziedziny kultury, twórcy i ich dzieła, uczestniczenie w kulturze 10. Środki masowego przekazu 11. Sport - np. dyscypliny sportu, obiekty i sprzęt sportowy, imprezy sportowe 12. Zdrowie - np. higieniczny tryb życia, samopoczucie, dolegliwości, choroby i ich leczenie 13. Nauka i technika - np. wynalazki, podstawowe urządzenia techniczne i korzystanie z nich 14. Świat przyrody - np. pogoda, rośliny, zwierzęta, krajobraz, ochrona środowiska naturalnego 15. Elementy wiedzy o świecie i krajach danego obszaru językowego Informacje pochodzą z informatora dot. egzaminu z języka angielskiego (cke.du.pl)